IMPACT OF JET

TITLE: IMPACT OF JET


OBJECTIVE:

To compare the forces obtained from the experiment and the actual force
using theoretical formula
.

THEORY: Mechanical work can be produced by using pressure of moving fluid at
high velocity. As an example jet of water.from a nozzle can produce force
when it strikes a plane that surface or plate. This type of force can produce
power to generate a system such as hydropower turbine. The force exerted
onto the plate will depend on the density of fluid discharge and jet
velocity. The force is also depends on whether the plate is at moving or.
stationary condition. Theoretically, the force of water jet striking on a
static can be , calculated using the following equation


Fy = pQv (1 -cos ө)


i. Plate (90° deflection) F= pQv

ii. Hemisphere (180° deflection) F = 2pQv

iii. Fy =Mg


where:

Fy = Vertical Force ; M = mass ; g = 9।81 /s2
Q = Discharge ; A = Cross-sectional area.
p = Fluid Density



APPARATUS: Hydro Work Bench, Jet Momentum Apparatus equipped with a
hemispherical plate, Stopwatch, Weight

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES:

1. Experiment is carried out on a volumetric tank.
2. Use adjusting screw to set pointer to zero. When doing so, do not place any loading
weights on measuring system
3. Switch on the hydraulic bench pump.
4. Apply desired loading weights
5. Open control valve to allow water to flow in and hit the target. Adjust the opening
valve so that the pointer is on zero again.
6. Determine the volume of the water collected in the storage tang and record the time
taken to fill up volumetric tank. This is to determine the discharge in the pipe.
7. Repeats steps 4,5 and 6 by adding the weight.



DATA AND CALCULATION

Radius of nozzle = 8mm

1. Plot the graph mass, M versus Q2.
2. Determine the graph's gradient.
3. Get the gradient value from theory using the formula बेलो

DISCUSSION

1. Discuss differences obtained from the experiment as compared to theoretical
calculation.
2. Discuss possible factors influencing the results of experiment.
3. Give Example of uses of water jet momentum in Civil Engineering.


CONCLUSION
From the results, draw conclusion and recommendation of the experiment